Thursday, 24 November 2011

Jain Agamas


While some authors date the composition of Jain Agamas starting from 6th century BCE
  1. noted indologist Hermann Jacobi holds that the composition of the Jaina canon would fall somewhere about the end of the fourth or the beginning of the third century BCE
  2. The general consensus amongst scholars is that the earliest portions of Jainism canons were composed around 4th or 3rd century BCE.
  3. This is also in agreement with Jain tradition according to which the agamic literature and the Purvas were passed from one heads of the order to his disciples for around 170 years after the Nirvana (Jainism) of Mahavira. However with time, it became difficult to keep the entire Jain literature committed to memory.
  4. According to tradition, there occurred a twelve years of famine around 350 BC where it was extremely difficult for the Jain ascetics to survive during this time. Under such circumstances they could not preserve the entire canonical literature. The Purvas or the ancient texts were already forgotten and lost after the famine. According to Svetambara tradition, the agamas were collected on the basis of collective memory of the ascetics in the first council of Pataliputra under the stewardship of Acarya Sthulibhadra in around to 463–367 BCE.
  5. However, the Digambara Jain sect maintains that after the famine, the entire Jain canonical literature became extinct.
Twelve Angās
  1. Ācāranga sūtra
  2. Sūtrakrtanga
  3. Sthānānga
  4. Samavāyānga
  5. Vyākhyāprajñapti or Bhagavati sūtra
  6. Jnātrdhārmakathāh
  7. Upāsakadaśāh
  8. Antakrddaaśāh
  9. Anuttaraupapātikadaśāh
  10. Praśnavyākaranani
  11. Vipākaśruta
  12. Drstivāda (now extinct)
Twelve Upanga āgamas 
  1. Aupapātika
  2. Rājapraśnīya
  3. Jīvājīvābhigama
  4. Prajñāpana
  5. Sūryaprajñapti
  6. Jambūdvīpaprajñapt
  7. Candraprajñapti
  8. Nirayārvalī
  9. Kalpāvatamsikāh
  10. Puspikāh
  11. Puspacūlikāh
  12. Vrasnidaśāh
Six Chedasūtras 
  1. Ācāradaśāh
  2. Brhatkalpa
  3. Vyavahāra
  4. Niśītha
  5. Mahāniśītha
  6. Jītakalpa
Four Mūlasūtras
  1. Daśavaikālika
  2. Uttarādhyayana
  3. Āvaśyaka
  4. Pindaniryukyti
Ten Prakīrnaka sūtras 
  1. Catuhśarana
  2. Āturapratyākhyanā
  3. Bhaktaparijñā
  4. Samstāraka
  5. Tandulavaicarika
  6. Candravedhyāka
  7. Devendrastava
  8. Ganividyā
  9. Mahāpratyākhyanā
  10. Vīrastava
Two Cūlikasūtras 
  1. Nandī-sūtra
  2. Anuyogadvāra-sūtra

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